Museus en línia: l'accés públic a la documentació dels museus de Catalunya
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ammonium nitrate (NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>) mixed with fuel oil is a common blasting agent used to fragment rock into workable size fractions at mines throughout the world. The decomposition and oxidation of undetonated explosives can result in high NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> concentrations in waters emanating from waste rock dumps. We used the stable isotopic composition of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> (δ<sup>15</sup>N- and δ<sup>18</sup>O-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) to define and quantify the controls on NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> composition in waste rock dumps by studying water-unsaturated and saturated conditions at nine coal waste rock dumps located in the Elk Valley, British Columbia, Canada. Estimates of the extent of nitrification of NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> in oxic zones in the dumps, initial NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> concentrations prior to denitrification, and the extent of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> removal by denitrification in sub-oxic to anoxic zones are provided. δ<sup>15</sup>N data from unsaturated waste rock dumps confirm NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> is derived from blasting. δ<sup>15</sup>N- and δ<sup>18</sup>O-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> data show extensive denitrification can occur in saturated waste rock and in localized zones of elevated water saturation and low oxygen concentrations in unsaturated waste rock. At the mine dump scale, the extent of denitrification in the unsaturated waste rock was inferred from water samples collected from underlying rock drains.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".