Ontogenetic insights into the significance of mandibular corpus shape variation in hominoids: Developmental covariation between M<sub>2</sub> crypt formation and corpus shape
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Objectives Here, we quantify and compare the cross‐sectional shape of the mandibular corpus between M 1 and M 2 during growth in Pan paniscus , Pan troglodytes , and Pongo pygmaeus . The goal is to assess the hypothesis that the shape of the corpus is influenced by the development of permanent molars in their crypts, by examining ontogenetic changes in corpus shape and investigating covariation between corpus shape and M 2 and M 3 molar crypt forms. Materials and Methods Ontogenetic changes in mandibular corpus shape were assessed using landmarks and semilandmarks, and measurements of length, width, and height were used to quantify molar crypts (M 2 and M 3 ). Ontogenetic changes in corpus growth from the eruption of M 1 to the eruption of M 3 were evaluated for each species through generalized Procrustes analysis and principal components analysis in shape–space and form–space. The relationship between corpus shape and molar crypt form was investigated at three different developmental stages using two‐block partial least squares (2B‐PLS) analysis. Results The results show clear differences in growth patterns among all three species and provide evidence that species‐level differences in mandibular corpus growth occur prior to the emergence of M 1 . The results of the 2B‐PLS analysis reveal that significant covariance between corpus shape and molar crypt form is limited to the developmental stage marked by the emergence of M 1 , with covariance between corpus shape and M 2 crypt width. Corpora that are relatively narrower in the inferior portion of the cross section covary with relatively narrower M 2 crypts. Conclusions These results have important implications for understanding the taxonomic and phylogenetic significance of mandibular corpus shape variation in the hominoid fossil record.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".