Comparative Education and Teacher Education in Singapore and Hong Kong:Comparisons over Time as well as Place
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article comments on To Cho-Yee's article published in 1970 in the Proceedings of the First World Congress of Comparative Education Societies. The event, held in Ottawa, Canada, marked the birth of the World Council of Comparative Education Societies(WCCES), which today has 42 member societies. The Sixteenth World Congress of Comparative Education Societies will be held in Beijing in August 2016 organized by the China Comparative Education Society(CCES). Thus, publication of the present article, which originally appeared in English in 2005 in the Comparative Education Bulletin of the Comparative Education Society of Hong Kong, in Chinese is timely. It offers a dual comparison historical and geographical of patterns in Singapore and Hong Kong.It attempts to explain the paradoxical reversal of positions of comparative education in teacher education over time in both places. These patterns may shed light on similar issues in other parts of the world including China.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".