The promises and perils of international institutional bypasses: defining a new concept and its policy implications for global governance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The rapid proliferation of international institutions has been a defining feature of postwar global governance architecture. Many international institutions overlap, playing similar or identical governance roles. Contributing to the existing research literature on this phenomenon, we offer the new concept of ‘international institutional bypass’ (IIB). Just like surgeons grafting new pathways around blocked arteries in coronary bypasses, global governors have increasingly responded to clogged international institutions by working around them. After presenting a definition of IIBs, we articulate why this concept may prove useful to work on global governance, how it is different from existing concepts, and discuss possible policy implications. Specifically, when faced with competition from an IIB, existing dominant institutions either fight back, shape up, or do nothing, which may result in displacement, merger, or co-existence. Our analysis both informed and drew upon a series of case studies published in this symposium issue of Transnational Legal Theory journal.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".