Axial capacity of bored piles in very stiff intermediate soils
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There is a major shortage of good-quality load test data for bored piles in stiff to hard intermediate soils such as silts and clayey sands. This paper presents the results and interpretation of an instrumented pile test in a very stiff overconsolidated fine-grained deposit. It is shown that, unlike typical fine-grained soils, dilation at the shaft of the pile makes an important contribution to the unit shaft friction. The relationship between shaft friction and the cone penetration test (CPT) end resistance is observed to differ appreciably from established empirical correlations for bored piles in less stiff, fine-grained soils. This is inferred to be largely because of the similarity between the drained and undrained CPT resistances in this soil type as well as the influence of dilation. Existing empirical methods to assess end bearing of bored piles are also seen to provide inconsistent estimations in this soil type.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".