Relative Permeability Measurements during the Exsolution and Dissolution of Hydrogen Gas Produced by the Hydrolysis of Sodium Borohydride
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Core Ideas Aqueous relative permeability experiments followed gas exsolution and trapping. Hydrogen gas was produced by the reaction of sodium borohydride and water. Internal drainage, external drainage and imbibition, and dissolution were compared. Trapped gas saturations were higher following internal drainage. Aqueous relative permeability was similar for internal and external displacement. The presence of trapped gas in otherwise water‐saturated porous media has a substantial effect on water flow, which is important to a wide variety of subsurface applications including groundwater remediation, CO 2 sequestration, and the release of greenhouse gases associated with oil and gas development. Trapped gases can be created by external drainage and imbibition, where fluids invade from system boundaries, or by internal drainage (exsolution), where gas is produced at nucleation sites within a porous medium. A series of laboratory experiments were conducted in thin flow cells, in which H 2 gas was produced by the reaction of sodium borohydride and water to produce a range of trapped gas saturations. Aqueous relative permeability was measured following H 2 exsolution and during dissolution and compared with measurements in the presence of air trapped by external drainage and imbibition. The results showed that gas saturations higher than those produced by external displacement remained trapped (immobile) when produced by exsolution but that aqueous relative permeability was similar at the same gas saturations. The results of this study suggest that traditional aqueous relative permeability relationships based on external drainage may be suitable to describe the effects of internal drainage in uniform, loosely packed sands. However, additional investigation across a wider range of porous media and at higher gas saturations is required.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".