CD109 acts as a gatekeeper of the epithelial trait by suppressing epithelial to mesenchymal transition in squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the expression of CD109, a GPI-anchored cell surface protein is dysregulated in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, the functional role of CD109 in SCC progression is poorly understood. In current study, we demonstrate that CD109 is a critical regulator of epithelial phenotype in SSC cells. CD109 levels inversely correlate with TGF-β signaling, EMT, migration, and invasion in cultured SCC cells. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout CD109 (CD109 KO) in SCC cells represses epithelial traits and promotes the mesenchymal phenotype, as evidenced by elevated expression of mesenchymal proteins and markers of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Treatment with recombinant CD109 protein causes CD109 KO cells to regain their epithelial traits. CD109 loss results in pronounced alterations of gene expression as detected by microarray analysis and in dysregulation of 15 important signalling pathways as shown by KEGG pathway cluster analysis. Validation using 52 human oral SCC tumor samples show that CD109 levels inversely correlate with tumor grade and the activation state of one such pathway, the TGF-β signaling pathway. Taken together, our findings highlight a novel role for CD109 as a gatekeeper of the epithelial phenotype by regulating TGF-β pathway in SCC cells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".