Determination of kinetic parameters of homogenous continuous flow esterification of monobutyl chlorophosphate in a microreactor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Synthesized by phosphorus oxychloride and n‐butanol, tri‐n‐butyl phosphate from a three‐step esterification reaction has an extensive range of applications in industrial processes. Similarly, monobutyl chlorophosphate can be obtained rapidly by mixing n‐butanol and phosphorus oxychloride. In view of this, we investigated the kinetics of esterification of monobutyl chlorophosphate with a microchannel system composed of micromixer and coiled capillaries. The reaction started from mixing the phosphorus oxychloride solution and n‐butanol solution in a micromixer, with temperature and residence time in a delayed loop controlled, and then quenching the solution in a container with magnetic agitation. The rate constants for the esterification reaction of monobutyl chlorophosphate were determined to be within a temperature range of 298‐318 K. It was found that the reaction kinetics is second order with respect to monobutyl chlorophosphate concentration and first order to n‐butanol concentration. In our research, a kinetic model was established, the values of the pre‐exponential factor and the activation energy of the reaction were obtained. The reaction kinetic model can interpret the synthesis mechanism of phosphate esters well, thus playing a guiding role in process intensification of phosphate esters synthesis in the future. Additionally, our model is also valuable because it contributes to the establishment of a reaction kinetics network model for the cascade reaction to synthesize phosphate esters.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".