Ligands Affect Hydrogen Absorption and Desorption by Palladium Nanoparticles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report herein in situ X-ray diffraction experiments that show that surface ligands affect the rates of hydrogen absorption and desorption in octahedral palladium nanoparticles. This observation was made possible by: (i) using a UV-driven photolysis and ozonolysis treatment to convert the ligand-stabilized palladium nanoparticles to pristine (i.e., ligand-free) nanoparticles while maintaining the size and shape of the core; and (ii) tracking in situ the phase transformation under a hydrogen environment. Our experiments revealed that pristine nanoparticles absorb and desorb hydrogen 10-fold faster than the corresponding ligated samples. This finding is supported by comparing octahedral nanoparticles stabilized by two different types of ligand coatings that both show faster hydrogen absorption and desorption after ligand removal. The data indicate that in addition to nanoparticle shape, surface structuring, and size, the ligand shell must be taken into account when examining hydrogen absorption and desorption in palladium nanoparticles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".