Arctic acoustic transmission loss variability due to ice cover during the year 2016–2017
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Over the course of one year, underwater acoustic transmissions were made in the deep-water of the Beaufort Sea as part of the Canada Basin Acoustic Propagation Experiment (CANAPE). The transmissions were monitored at a variety of ranges (100–300 km)and the low-frequency signals (200–300 Hz) showed a strong sensitivity to the evolving ice cover. As the ice cover grew from absent in the mid-September, to its thickest and roughest in late April, the transmission loss grew also. The experimental setup included the ability to beamform so that the arrival pattern could be easily resolved into early individual ray-paths and late near-surface arrivals. This capability was used to estimate the TL variation with the angle of interaction with the ice and with the number of ice reflections. The thickness of the ice cover and roughness was monitored at 6 mooring sites. This allows one to compare the measured losses to the expected loss from the ice-free state. The amount of excess loss can then be estimated via the method of small perturbations for example.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".