Weak decay of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>130</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ba</mml:mi></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>132</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ba</mml:mi><mml:mo>:</mml:mo></mml:math> Geochemical measurements
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The half-life of ${}^{130}\mathrm{Ba}$ due to multichannel weak decay $(2{\ensuremath{\beta}}^{+},$ 2EC, and $\mathrm{EC}{\ensuremath{\beta}}^{+})$ has been determined for the first time by the measurement of the ${}^{130}\mathrm{Xe}$ daughter accumulated in natural barite $({\mathrm{BaSO}}_{4})$ from the Belorechenskoe deposit in North Caucasus, Russia. The accumulation time was determined from U-Xe and K-Ar gas-retention ages measured in the same material, yielding a half-life for ${}^{130}\mathrm{Ba}$ for all weak decay modes of $2.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{21}\mathrm{yr}$ (68% C.L.), about a factor of 2 lower than that predicted by the proton-neutron quasiparticle random phase approximation. From excess ${}^{132}\mathrm{Xe}$ observed in this barite, the half-life for weak decay of ${}^{132}\mathrm{Ba}$ can be estimated ${(T}_{1/2}=1.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{21}\mathrm{yr}).$ However, this value is more tentative, since other sources of this isotope cannot be excluded, but the lower limit of $2.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{21}\mathrm{yr}$ remains firm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.085 | 0.026 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".