Aerial Application of Mancozeb Is Associated with Elevated Urinary Ethylene Thiourea (ETU) Concentrations in Pregnant Women: the Infants Environmental Health Study (ISA)
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aerial Application of Mancozeb Is Associated with Elevated Urinary Ethylene Thiourea (ETU) Concentrations in Pregnant Women: the Infants' Environmental Health Study (ISA)Abstract Number:2682 Berna van Wendel de Joode*, Ana María Mora, Leonel Córdoba, Camilo Cano, Rosario Quesada, Moosa Faniband, Catharina Wesseling, Clemens Ruepert, Mattias Öberg, Brenda Eskenazi, Donna Mergler, Christian Lindh Berna van Wendel de Joode* Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, E-mail Address: [email protected] , Ana María Mora Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, E-mail Address: [email protected] , Leonel Córdoba Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, E-mail Address: [email protected] , Camilo Cano Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, E-mail Address: [email protected] , Rosario Quesada Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, E-mail Address: [email protected] , Moosa Faniband Lund University, Costa Rica, E-mail Address: moosa.fan[email protected] , Catharina Wesseling Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, E-mail Address: [email protected] , Clemens Ruepert Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, E-mail Address: [email protected] , Mattias Öberg Karolinska Institutet, Costa Rica, E-mail Address: [email protected] , Brenda Eskenazi University of California at Berkeley, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] , Donna Mergler Université du Québec a Montréal, Canada, E-mail Address: [email protected] , and Christian Lindh Lund University, Sweden, E-mail Address: [email protected] AbstractBackground: Ethylenethiourea (ETU), the main metabolite of mancozeb, may cause congenital malformations and alter thyroid functioning. Thyroid hormones are essential for fetal brain development. In Costa Rica, mancozeb is aerially sprayed at large-scale banana plantations on a weekly basis, but, exposure in populations living nearby is unknown.Objectives: (1) evaluate urinary ETU concentrations in pregnant women living nearby large-scale banana plantations; (2) assess whether their estimated daily intake (EDI) exceeded established Reference Doses (RfDs); and (3) examine factors that influenced their urinary ETU concentrations.Methods: As part of a prospective birth-cohort study, we enrolled 451 pregnant women from Matina County, Costa Rica, with large-scale banana production. We visited women repeatedly during pregnancy to obtain urine samples and information on factors that possibly influence exposure.Results: Only 9% of the women worked in agriculture during pregnancy. Their urinary ETU concentrations were more than five times higher than reported for other general populations. For 66% of the women the EDI exceeded the chronic RfD recommended by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). We observed a strong inverse association between residential proximity to banana plantations and women's creatinine-corrected urinary ETU concentrations (ETU-cr), with 16% decrease in ETU-cr for each kilometer increase in distance. Washing agricultural work clothes and working in agriculture were also strongly associated with increased ETU-cr.Conclusions: Aerial application of mancozeb is associated with elevated ETU-cr in pregnant women living nearby banana plantations, putting them and their children at risk. Reduction of aerial spraying activities will probably improve pregnant women's and offspring's health.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it