A Panel Study of Acute Cardiovascular Health Effects in Relation to Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollutants and Noise in Toronto, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Air pollution is a known risk factor for death from heart disease. Urban populations are exposed to air pollutants (APs) and varying levels of noise in high-traffic environments. Acute, physiologic responses of the cardiovascular system may be important mechanisms by which these stressors trigger cardiovascular events. Methods: In 2016, we carried out a panel study of APs and noise in 46 adults who were non-smokers with no prior cardiovascular morbidity in Toronto, Canada. Personal (PM0.1, BC) and regional (PM2.5, O3, NO2) measures of APs and noise were collected and oxidant capacity (Ox) was estimated from NO2 and O3. We used linear mixed models with random subject intercepts to estimate associations between 8-hour average pollutant exposures and baseline-to-follow-up changes in endothelial function (RHI), blood pressure and heart rate, adjusted for temperature and 24-hour alcohol/caffeine intake. Results: Each IQR increase in regional PM2.5 (5.5 µg/m3), O3 (12.2 ppb) and Ox (7.4 ppb) exposure was associated with a decrease in RHI (ß= -0.45 95% CI -0.81- -0.09, ß= -0.29 95% CI -0.56- -0.02, ß= -0.31 95% CI -0.56- -0.06, respectively). Endothelial function worsened further among subjects with a BMI of ≥25 kg/m2 with exposure to O3 (ß= -1.34 95% CI -1.76- -0.92) and Ox (ß= -1.26 95% CI -1.71- -0.80). Each IQR increase in PM0.1 (14,934 particles/cm3) was associated with a 2.5 beats/min higher heart rate among women (95% CI 0.74-4.27) and not men (p-interaction <0.05). No deleterious associations with continuous exposure to noise were found. BC exposure (1,163.8 ng/m3) was associated with an increase in heart rate among those exposed to noise levels above the median (67 dBA) (ß= 2.61, 95% CI 0.02-5.19). Conclusion: Persons with BMI of ≥25 kg/m2 were more susceptible to worsened endothelial function with exposure to O3 and Ox, while women had increased heart rate with exposure to PM0.1. Higher levels of noise may impact associations of APs with heart rate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".