Asociación entre lactancia materna y probabilidad de obesidad en la infancia en tres países latinoamericanos
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Determinar si la lactancia materna ≥ 6 meses se asocia con menor sobrepeso y obesidad en niños/as de 2 a 5 años de edad. Análisis transversal de datos de encuestas nacionales de demografía y salud de Bolivia, Colombia y Perú. Se definieron sobrepeso y obesidad según los criterios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se calculó la odds ratio (OR) utilizando regresión logística multinomial. La prevalencia de obesidad en niños/as de 2 a 5 años fue del 10,4% (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 8,2-12,6) en Bolivia, del 4,9% (IC95%: 4,0-5,8) en Colombia y del 6,4% (IC95%: 5,2-8,0) en Perú. La lactancia materna ≥ 6 meses en la población estudiada fue del 89,9% (IC95%: 87,8-91,9) en Bolivia, del 73,9% (IC95%: 72,2-75,6) en Colombia y del 92,8% (IC95%: 91,2-94,4) en Perú. Se encontró evidencia de asociación entre lactancia materna ≥ 6 meses y menor posibilidad de obesidad en comparación con no lactancia o lactancia < 6 meses para Bolivia (OR = 0,30; IC95%: 0,16-0,57), y una asociación marginal para Colombia (OR = 0,71; IC95%: 0,47-1,06) y Perú (OR = 0,49; IC95%: 0,23-1,04). No hubo evidencia de asociación entre lactancia materna y sobrepeso. La lactancia materna ≥ 6 meses está asociada con una menor posibilidad de tener obesidad en niños/as de 2 a 5 años en Bolivia. Este patrón fue similar, pero marginal, para Colombia y Perú. To determine if breastfeeding for at least the first six months of life is associated with overweight and obesity in children 2 to 5 years old. Cross sectional analysis of data from national demographic and health surveys conducted in Bolivia, Colombia and Peru. Overweight and obesity were defined using World Health Organization standard definitions. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated using multinomial logistic regression. The prevalence of obesity in children 2 to 5 years old was 10.4% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 8.2-12.6) in Bolivia, 4.9% in Colombia (95%CI: 4.0-5.8), and 6.4% (95%CI: 5.2-8.0) in Peru. Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding for at least the first 6 months in the study population was 89.9% (95%CI: 87.8-91.9) in Bolivia, 73.9% (95%CI: 72.2-75.6) in Colombia, and 92.8% (95%CI: 91.2-92.4) in Peru. Exclusive breastfeeding was associated with a decreased risk of obesity in children as compared to no breastfeeding or breastfeeding for less than 6 months in Bolivia (OR = .30; 95%CI: .16-.57) and a marginal association in Colombia (OR = .71; 95%CI: .47-1.06) and Peru (OR = .49; 95%CI: 0.23-1.04). No association between breastfeeding and overweight was found. Exclusive breastfeeding for at least the first six months of life decreases the risk of obesity in children 2 to 5 years old in Bolivia. A similar but weaker pattern was observed for children in Colombia and Peru.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".