Bodies in Motion: Liberian Settlers, Medicine, and Mobility in the Atlantic World
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article examines how movement between colonial Liberia and the United States shaped the construction of race through the experiences of one Liberian settler, Samuel F. McGill. In one of the great testaments to race as a social construction, the African neighbors and inhabitants of Liberia, who conceived of themselves as "black," recognized the significant cultural differences between themselves and the newly-arrived African Americans and racially categorized the newcomers as "white." There were significant ramifications for the settlers by becoming simultaneously white and black through their Atlantic mobility. The experiences of McGill highlight this racialized warping and shed light on the effects of movement in the Atlantic world between societies that constructed race differently. McGill is also historically significant as the first African American to receive a medical degree from an American institution, and his access to this education was dependent upon Atlantic mobility and his Liberian residence. McGill's medical education also provides a unique window to view the use of black cadavers for anatomical study and the logistics of the trade in these bodies among doctors and medical schools.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.015 | 0.017 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".