Prenatal and Early Postnatal Dentine Mn, Zn and Pb and Childhood Behavior
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Metal exposure alters neurodevelopmental outcomes; little is known about critical windows of susceptibility when exposure exerts the strongest effect.Objective: To examine associations between prenatal and early postnatal manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) and childhood behavior.Methods: 153 subjects enrolled in a Mexico City birth cohort study provided deciduous teeth. We estimated weekly prenatal and postnatal dentine Mn, Zn and Pb concentrations in teeth using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) and measured behavior at ages 6-16 years using the Behavior Assessment System for Children, 2nd edition (BASC-2). We used distributed lag models and lagged weighted quantile sum regression to identify the role of individual and mixed metals on behavioral symptoms controlling for maternal education and gestational age.Results: Prenatal dentine Mn appears protective against behavioral problems, specifically hyperactivity and attention. Postnatal dentine Mn is associated with increased internalizing problems, specifically anxiety. At 6 months (mo), a 1-unit (unit = 1SD of log concentration) increase in Mn associated with a 0.18-unit (unit =1SD of BASC-2 score) and 0.25-unit increase in the BASC-2 anxiety score, respectively. Postnatal Pb is associated with higher anxiety symptoms. At 12 mo, a 1-unit increase in Pb is associated with a 0.4-unit increase in anxiety. Examined as a mixture, we observe two windows of susceptibility to increased anxious symptoms: the first window (0-8 mo) is driven by Mn, the second window (8-12 mo) is driven by the mixture and dominated by Pb. A 1-unit increase in the mixture is associated with a 0.7-unit increase in SD of anxiety score.Conclusions: Prenatal dentine Mn may be protective, while postnatal Mn may increase risk for adverse behaviors. In combination, Mn, Zn and Pb may have an adverse impact on behavior.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it