Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article describes features and functioning of left-ventricular assist devices (LVAD). LVADs are the fastest-growing category of mechanical heart devices and are the only category of mechanical heart-assist devices to be approved in the United States, Canada, and Europe as a commercially available treatment. The current generation of LVADs and implantable artificial hearts represent a major technological step. However, by all accounts, these devices have a long way to go before they are as mechanically sound and user-friendly as they need to be to be widely accepted as a destination therapy for more than just the sickest of the sick. Thoratec Corp., Pleasanton, CA, has received Food and Drug Administration approval of its HeartMate SnapVE LVAD and an updated model, the HeartMateXVE, for use as a long-term, permanent treatment for end-stage congestive heart failure patients who don't qualify for heart transplantation and have a life expectancy of less than two years. These devices, the best known of which is the Abiocor, from AbioMed of Danvers, Massachusetts, are still considered experimental.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.123 | 0.082 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".