Water Resources and Sub-Saharan African Economy: Anthropogenic Climate Change, Wastewater, and Sustainable Development in Nigeria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Studies have shown that there exists serious competition for freshwater for domestic uses and for the sustenance of agricultural activities in Nigeria. Based on this competition, this study seeks to interrogate how wastewater could be harnessed for development of agriculture in Nigeria. In view of the country’s dwindling economy amidst the current escalating herders-farmers’ conflict over resources for their respective economic activities, water security perspective contributes to our understanding of the roles that resource management can play in economic crisis than other commonly cited factors like income inequality, poor land use policies, ethnicity, and political instability. This paper argues that with Africa’s epileptic economy and increasing population in this climate change era, attainment of some Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030 is unrealistic. The study submits that there is the need for a paradigm shift in wastewater perception in Africa, south of the Sahara as this would reduce pressure on freshwater and fast-track sustainable development through increase in agricultural production.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".