Platelet Thrombogenesis During Intermittent Hypoxia in Mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH) is associated with increased platelet activation and hypertension development in patients. However, little is known about mechanisms of platelet thrombogenesis and vascular reactivity during IH. Chronic IH was induced in C57BL/J mice exposed during daylight hours to 7.8 % O 2 alternating with 21% O 2 every 90 seconds for 10 weeks in environmental chambers. Age‐matched mice (control) were kept in chambers with 21% O 2 for the same period. Mice were anesthetized and the cremaster muscle was exteriorized for intravital microscopy in a bath, where drugs were applied. Platelet thrombogenesis in second‐order arterioles and venules was induced by light (450–490 nm) activation of FITC tagged to albumin. In separate mice, arteriolar dilation to acetylcholine (Ach;10 −7 ‐10 −4 M) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP;10 −5 M) in the presence and absence of N (G)‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME;2x10 −4 M) were compared. Platelet thrombogenesis, mainly due to increased platelet adhesion, was greater in microvessels of IH mice compared to controls. Arteriolar dilation to Ach was significantly reduced in IH mice compared to controls. L‐NAME did not alter baseline diameters in either group, but its presence in the bath significantly decreased arteriolar dilation to Ach, but not to SNP. After L‐NAME, arteriolar constriction to norepinephrine (10 −6 M) was similar in both groups. These findings suggest that IH increases platelet adhesion to endothelium by decreasing endothelial bioavailability of nitric oxide. Supported by U of L grant R0165 to DL, and NIH grant HL69932 to DG.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".