A Novel Electric Vehicles Charging/Discharging Management Protocol Based on Queuing Model
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
High electric vehicles (EVs) penetration is expected to increase smart grid solicitation especially with various EV charging demands. As result, the EV charging process at the supply station has to be managed in the way to promote the EV satisfaction level while preserving smart grid stability. In this article, the bidirectional power flow between EV and grid; Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), is exploited. We make a profit from the unused electric power of EVs and we present an EV load management technique based on EV charging and EV discharging coordination. We propose a peak load management model (PLM) used to schedule EVs for charging or discharging service according to the power demand with the timing and location where each EV need to be served. Also, we propose an Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) selection model to guide EVs to the supply station. We develop a mathematical formalism for handling requests for EV charging/discharging at EVSE based on queuing theory. Those models are evaluated while considering the mobility of vehicles in an urban scenario and time-of-use-pricing (TOUP). Finally, extensive matlab simulations are conducted to validate the proposed approach and demonstrate its effectiveness.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it