Heat transfer and buoyancy‐driven convective MHD flow of nanofluids impinging over a thin needle moving in a parallel stream influenced by Prandtl number
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The current study focuses on investigating the influence of transverse magnetic field, variable viscosity, buoyancy, variable Prandtl number, viscous dissipation, Joulian dissipation, and heat generation on the flow of nanofluids over thin needle moving in parallel stream. The theory of nanofluids that includes the Buongiorno model featured by slip mechanism, such as Brownian motion and thermophoresis, has been implemented. Further, convective boundary condition and zero mass flux condition are considered. The nondimensionally developed boundary layer equations have been solved by Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method with shooting technique for different values of parameters. The most relevant outcomes of the present study are that the augmented magnetic field strength, viscosity parameter, buoyancy ratio parameter, and the size of the needle undermine the flow velocity, establishing thicker velocity boundary layer while Richardson number and Brownian motion show opposite trend. Another most important outcome is that increase in the size of the needle, viscous dissipation, convective heating, and heat generation upsurges the fluid temperature, leading to improvement in thermal boundary layer. The effects of different natural parameters on wall shear stress and heat and mass transfer rates have been discussed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it