SLC4A11 function: evidence for H<sup>+</sup>(OH<sup>−</sup>) and NH<sub>3</sub>-H<sup>+</sup> transport
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Whether SLC4A11 transports ammonia and its potential mode of ammonia transport ([Formula: see text], NH 3 , or NH 3 -2H + transport have been proposed) are controversial. In the absence of ammonia, whether SLC4A11 mediates significant conductive H + (OH − ) transport is also controversial. The present study was performed to determine the mechanism of human SLC4A11 ammonia transport and whether the transporter mediates conductive H + (OH − ) transport in the absence of ammonia. We quantitated H + flux by monitoring changes in intracellular pH (pH i ) and measured whole cell currents in patch-clamp studies of HEK293 cells expressing the transporter in the absence and presence of NH 4 Cl. Our results demonstrate that SLC4A11 mediated conductive H + (OH − ) transport that was stimulated by raising the extracellular pH (pH e ). Ammonia-induced HEK293 whole cell currents were also stimulated by an increase in pH e . In studies using increasing NH 4 Cl concentrations with equal [Formula: see text] extracellular and intracellular concentrations, the shift in the reversal potential ( E rev ) due to the addition of ammonia was compatible with NH 3 -H + transport competing with H + (OH − ) rather than NH 3 -nH + ( n ≥ 2) transport. The increase in equivalent H + (OH − ) flux observed in the presence of a transcellular H + gradient was also compatible with SLC4A11-mediated NH 3 -H + flux. The NH 3 versus E rev data fit a theoretical model suggesting that NH 3 -H + and H + (OH − ) competitively interact with the transporter. Studies of mutant SLC4A11 constructs in the putative SLC4A11 ion coordination site showed that both H + (OH − ) transport and ammonia-induced whole cell currents were blocked suggesting that the H + (OH − ) and NH 3 -H + transport processes share common features involving the SLC4A11 transport mechanism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".