Maturation of resting spores of Plasmodiophora brassicae continues after host cell death
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Plasmodiophora brassicae , cause of clubroot on canola ( Brassica napus ) and other Brassicaceae, is an obligate soilborne pathogen that survives in soil as long‐lived resting spores. Factors that affect the maturation of the resting spores are not well understood. To determine if a living host was required for spore maturation, experiments were conducted under controlled conditions and in field trials. Young plants with clubbed roots containing mostly immature spores had the shoots removed, or clubs were harvested at different times. To kill host cells, clubs were frozen or plants were treated with glyphosate. Clubs were then harvested from treated and non‐treated hosts and stored at low temperature (5 or 10 °C) or room temperature (22 °C). Spore concentration and maturation were assessed 2–4 weeks after treatment using propidium monoazide‐assisted quantitative PCR, and results were validated using bioassays. The state of decay of clubs was also observed to determine if it was an indicator of spore maturity. Spores continued to mature after death of host cells or removal of shoots of plants. This demonstrated that a living host was not required for spore maturation. Interestingly, killing host cells prior to storing the clubs at low temperature produced a higher proportion of mature spores and more severe clubroot in bioassays relative to non‐treated clubs held at low temperature. This indicated that death of host cells accelerates spore maturation. Furthermore, mature spores were recovered from both decayed and less decayed clubs, suggesting that club decay is not an indicator of spore maturation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".