ASSOCIATIONS OF PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO ORGANOHPOSPHATE PESTICIDES WITH BIRTHWEIGHT AND GESTATIONAL LENGTH, AND MODIFICATION BY <i>PON1</i> GENOYTPE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background and Aims: Prenatal exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides, a widely-used class of insecticides, may decrease birthweight and shorten gestational length. PON1, a gene coding for paraoxanase (PON), an OP-detoxifying enzyme, may mediate susceptibility. We examined relationships of prenatal OP exposure with birthweight and gestational length. We also assessed interactions by infant PON1 genotype, using two previously-identified polymorphisms, PON1192 and PON1-108. Methods: We collected two spot-urine samples around 16 and 26-weeks gestation from 334 pregnant mothers enrolled in the HOME Study, a prospective birth cohort study. We measured six dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites of OP pesticides and used multivariable regression to examine relationships between DAP concentrations and birthweight and gestational length. We examined whether functional polymorphisms of PON1192 and PON1-108 mediated susceptibility. Results: In multivariable analyses, each 10-fold increase in total DAP concentration was associated with a 0.5 week decrease in gestation (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.8, -0.1), and a -151g decrease in birthweight (95% CI: -287, -16). Associations between birthweight and OP pesticides were primarily the result of shortened gestation. Race modified these associations; Black mothers showed a greater decrease in birthweight than White mothers (Black: β=-188g, 95% CI: -395, 19; White: β=-118g, 95% CI: -296, 60; p-value for interaction =0.46), but only White mothers showed an association between OP exposure and gestational length (Black: β=-0.1 weeks, 95% CI: -0.9, 0.6; White: β=-0.7 weeks, 95% CI: -1.1, -0.3; interaction p=0.10). In PON1-stratified models, associations with perinatal outcomes were strongest in infants who were heterozygous for PON1192 and PON1-108. Conclusions: Prenatal OP exposure was associated with shortened gestation and reduced birthweight, but the effects differed by race. The PON1 polymorphisms did not show the expected pattern, possibly due to differences in the underlying population substructure or in pesticide-specific exposures not captured by DAP metabolites.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".