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Record W2990864113 · doi:10.1079/9781786399151.0153

Cattle transport in North America.

2019· book-chapter· en· W2990864113 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueCABI eBooks · 2019
Typebook-chapter
Languageen
FieldBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
TopicGenetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
Canadian institutionsAgriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Fundersnot available
KeywordsWelfareBusinessBeef cattleAgricultural economicsGeographyAgricultural scienceEconomicsForestryBiologyMarket economy

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

It is interesting to note that since the first edition of this book, the most significant welfare concerns for cattle during transport have remained unchanged. These concerns include the transport of unfit (sick, emaciated, debilitated) cattle, overloading - particularly in lightweight and young animals - and excessive transport distances with long periods between food, water and rest. There is also concern about marketing through auctions, and more information is needed on transportation durations experienced by cattle (usually of poor condition or quality) that are sold and resold through the auction markets. Trips of over 30 hours should be avoided if possible because death losses increase sharply. Ambient temperatures below -15°C or above 30°C are detrimental and space allowances (using an allometric coefficient, the k value) lower than 0.015 and greater than 0.035 are associated with greater losses. Cattle that lose 10% of their bodyweight during transport have a greater likelihood of dying, becoming non-ambulatory or lame. A study of heath records from many feedlots indicated that mortality was 1.3% and sickness 4.9%. Truck drivers with more years of experience had fewer compromised animals. Feeder cattle destined to feedlots were twice as likely to die during transport compared with fattened cattle. To provide incentives to reduce losses, there needs to be economic accountability throughout the supply chain for dead, non-ambulatory cattle bruises and dark cutting meat. There also needs to be economic accountability for failure to precondition and vaccinate beef weaners before they leave the ranch of origin.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: Other
Teacher disagreement score0.963
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.010
GPT teacher head0.206
Teacher spread0.196 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it