A New AC/DC Half-Bridge/String-Inverter Hybrid-Structured Isolated Bi-directional Converter
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, a new bidirectional AC/DC converter based on a 5-switch string topology and an isolated CLLC resonant circuit is proposed for energy storage applications. In the battery side of the proposed circuit, one switch and two diodes are added to the conventional 4-switch string converter, reducing the output voltage ripple to half. A CLLC resonant circuit is designed to step up/down the DC voltages and to provide ZVS for all the semiconductor devices. In AC to DC mode, a hysteresis controller is used and a power factor of 0.99 is achieved. In DC to AC mode, a Second Order Generalized Integrator (SOGI) phase locked loop (PLL) is used to transfer power into the AC source. The frequency modulation technique is utilized to regulate the voltage levels in the terminals of the resonant converter. Simulation results are provided on a 1kW, 60Hz 120VAC/700VDC system to highlight the merits of the proposed converter. A 1 kW 700VDC-output experimental prototype is developed to validate the performance and feasibility of the proposed converter.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".