The Acculturation Process and Strategies of First-Generation Chinese Students in Canadian Higher Education
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The acculturation attitudes, processes, and strategies of international students in the transitioning stage (i.e., between temporary residents with a study permit and landed immigrants) serve as key predictors of their acculturation experiences in the future. This paper reviewed and drew from the leading theories and previous empirical studies. In-depth interviews were conducted to examine the predominant stressors, attitudes, and strategies in the acculturation processes among 6 first-generation Chinese students with specific emphases on their multiple identities within the context of heterogeneity in Canada, and students’ appraisal of the acculturation strategy adopted by the larger society. The findings revealed 4 major aspects: pre-acculturation moderating factors, acculturation attitudes and strategies, identity formation within the multicultural context, and individuals’ appraisal of policies and practices at all levels. The results of this study may provide implications for university programs and counseling services to improve the retention and well-being of international students.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".