Locating Faults in Smart Grids Using Neuro–Fuzzy Networks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Smart grids aim to move the energy industry into a new era of availability, quality, reliability, and efficiency of power at generation, transmission and distribution levels. Transmission lines, like the arteries of smart grids, play an important role in delivering high-quality power from the generation units to the consumers. However, because of their vast geographical spread, they are always exposed to different threats. This paper proposes a computational intelligence method for increasing the protection of the transmission lines in smart grids. Three-phase current measurements of only one side of the faulty transmission line have been collected and passed through a signal processing module to extract novel informative features from the transient current signals generated due to the fault occurrence. Obtained features are then fed to the fault location algorithms to construct predictive models including adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS), support vector regression (SVR), and artificial neural networks (ANN) to estimate the exact location of the fault. Multiple scenarios have been simulated on the IEEE 14-bus system, and the attained results validate the superiority of the ANFIS over the other methods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".