Acute application of a transdermal nitroglycerin patch protects against prolonged forearm ischemia‐induced microvascular dysfunction
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Prolonged limb blood flow occlusion (ie, tourniquet application during limb surgery) causes transient microvascular dysfunction. We examined the ability of a local nitric oxide donor (transdermal nitroglycerin) administered during prolonged cuff forearm occlusion to protect against microvascular dysfunction and to alter brachial artery dilation. Methods Ten healthy men (28 ± 8 years) participated in the study. During the control visit, they completed three vascular occlusion tests in the right arm termed, PRE (5‐min occlusion), POST immediate (20‐min occlusion), and POST 30min (5‐min occlusion). During the nitroglycerin visit, subjects completed the same vascular occlusion tests, but with a nitroglycerin patch placed over the contralateral forearm during the 20‐min occlusion test. Micro‐ and macrovascular function were assessed using the near‐infrared spectroscopy‐derived reperfusion upslope (reperfusion slope, %.s −1 ) and flow‐mediated dilation (%FMD), respectively. Results The reperfusion slope (1.44 ± 0.72%.s ‐1 ) and the %FMD (15.0 ± 2.8%) of the POST immediate test of the nitroglycerin condition were significantly ( P < .05) higher than the reperfusion slope (1.01 ± 0.37%.s −1 ) and %FMD (6.77 ± 1.8%) during the POST immediate test of the control visit. Conclusion Transdermal nitroglycerin protects against ischemia‐induced microvascular dysfunction and causes marked dilation of the brachial artery %FMD.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it