Supply Chain Management for Community-Based Newborn Care in Rural Ethiopia: Challenges, Strategies Implemented and Recommendations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Successful implementation of Community Based Newborn Care, relies on uninterrupted availability gentamycin and amoxicillin at health posts requiring strong national supply chain System. Ethiopia is implementing a pull system through an integrated pharmaceutical and logistics system but mainly focusing on HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria commodities. Hence a semi-parallel push system was used by the ministry of health with United Nations Children’s Fund support to avail newborn lifesaving commodities at health posts. Moreover, the ministry coordinated the incorporation of the lifesaving commodities in the national essential medicine list, their registration, procurement and distribution. Objective: This article presents challenges, strategies in availing lifesaving commodities at health posts and recommendations. Methods: We reviewed different documents and data related to newborn supply chain from March 2013 to December 2016: data from a cross-sectional survey between Quarter-4, 2015 and Quarter-1, 2016, and program monitoring from October 2015 to September 2016 were used. We describe the findings using key components of the supply chain system. Results: Ethiopia took several measures to overcome supply-chain challenges; cross-sectional survey showed availability of gentamycin and amoxicillin, 72% and 82% of health posts on the day of visit respectively. during routine monitoring visits to 2,500 health posts, gentamycin and amoxicillin dispersible tablets were available in 99.8%and 77.5% on the day of visit respectively.,
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".