Diurnally, Seasonally and Regionally Varying Background Ozone and Decadal Trends in the Planetary Boundary Layer Over Canada and the United States from 1997 to 2006
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PBL ozone temporal variations were investigated for diurnal, seasonal and decadal scales in various regions across Canada and the United States for the period 1997–2006. Background ozone is difficult to quantify and define through observations. Because of the importance of its estimates for achievable policy targets, evaluation of health impacts and relationship with climate, regional and continental backgrounds were estimated. Principal Component Analyses (PCA) were done for 97 non-urban ozone sites for four seasons separately to define the contiguous regions. Three independent analyses were done to quantify the regional and continental background ozone. Method 1, the new method, applies the regions derived by PCA; then uses backward air parcel trajectory to systematically select the “clean” background air cluster associated with the lowest May to September 95th percentile for each site. Method 2 uses the intercepts from the linear regression between ozone and NOz (NOy minus NOx) to estimate the ozone mixing ratio associated with photochemically-aged air. Method 3 uses trajectory residence time to extrapolate background ozone when the residence time is equal to zero within a given region.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".