Do mandarin-english bilinguals have an accent in their L1 vowel production?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A study was conducted to examine the Mandarin vowel production by a group of Mandarin-English bilinguals. The study aimed to determine the L1 vowel production of Mandarin-English bilinguals and acoustic properties of the accent. Thirteen Mandarin monolinguals, 33 Mandarin-English bilinguals, and 12 English monolinguals were used for the study to produce vowel tokens. The Mandarin-English bilinguals were divided into a group of high L1 use and a group of low L1 use. The Mandarin monolinguals and Mandarin-English bilinguals produce Mandarin vowel tokens, while the English monolinguals produced English vowel tokens. It was observed that the Mandarin English bilinguals produced sound accented to Mandarin listeners despite of amount of L1 use. The study found that L1 segments need to be included in the speech learning theories.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".