Spatially resolved NMR relaxation of gas in cavitating liquid
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation parameters of Freon-22 gas in cavitating liquid, was investigated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The behavior of gas in multibubble cavitation was analyzed using 2.35 T MRI scanner with 20 kHz Langevin type transducer at standing wave conditions inside the water-filled cuvette. The NMR relaxation parameter T2 was measured using CPMG sequences to obtain information about the amount of Freon in dissolved and free states before, during, and after cavitation. The signal intensity of the dissolved Freon was saturated by a short recovery delay (1s) to attenuate signal to 32% of its initial intensity. The saturation delay was incremented from 10ms to 1s. It was observed that amount of observable gas inside the cuvette was slightly above the noise level before the cavitation, while the amount of free gas increased after initiation of cavitation. Result shows that signal intensity increase due to the presence of larger gas bubble.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".