Empirical Modeling for Effects of Emerging Pretreatment Methods on Anaerobic Digestion of Pulp Mill Biosolids
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Empirical Modeling for Effects of Emerging Pretreatment Methods on Anaerobic Digestion of Pulp Mill BiosolidsEffects of microwave and ultrasound pretreatment methods were investigated on solubilization and anaerobic digestion of waste sludges from a pulp mill wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Batch anaerobic digesters were used to stabilize pretreated waste activated sludge (WAS) and mixed sludge (primary sludge + WAS). Results on effects of sludge type (WAS and mixed sludge), microwave temperature (in...Author(s)Neda MehdizadehCigdem EskiciogluAbbas MilaniMithun SahaSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 15: Pretreatment Methods for Enhancing Anaerobic DigestionDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2011ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20110101)2011:6L.992;1-DOI10.2175/193864711802836869Volume / Issue2011 / 6Content sourceEnergy ConferenceFirst / last page(s)992 - 1011Copyright2011Word count132Subject keywordsSludge pretreatmentanaerobic digestionmicrowaveultrasoundpulp and paper industryempirical modelingmultiple attribute decision making
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".