Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present article has two major objectives. First, it reveals the results of an original empirical analysis of Old Italian (OI) material (twenty texts from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries), which I carried out in order to trace the emergence and reconstruct the early distributional pattern of the Italian verb volerci 'be necessary, be required, need', and also 'take', as in 'it takes time', 'it takes patience', etc. The second goal of the study is to put forward a tentative proposal about the type of construction from which volerci originated. The OI texts examined are listed in Table 1 below. I start with providing a basic description of the structural properties and the semantic domain of volerci (§ 2; a more detailed discussion is found in Russi "On Italian volerci"). Next, I introduce, comment on, and discuss the attestations of volerci found in the OI corpus I analyzed (§ 3). I then sketch my account of the development of volerci from volere (§ 4). I conclude summarizing the main points and drawing attention to some issues that call for further investigation (§ 5).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".