Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present article has two major objectives. First, it reveals the results of an original empirical analysis of Old Italian (OI) material (twenty texts from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries), which I carried out in order to trace the emergence and reconstruct the early distributional pattern of the Italian verb volerci 'be necessary, be required, need', and also 'take', as in 'it takes time', 'it takes patience', etc. The second goal of the study is to put forward a tentative proposal about the type of construction from which volerci originated. The OI texts examined are listed in Table 1 below. I start with providing a basic description of the structural properties and the semantic domain of volerci (§ 2; a more detailed discussion is found in Russi "On Italian volerci"). Next, I introduce, comment on, and discuss the attestations of volerci found in the OI corpus I analyzed (§ 3). I then sketch my account of the development of volerci from volere (§ 4). I conclude summarizing the main points and drawing attention to some issues that call for further investigation (§ 5).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".