Incommensurable Conceptions of Goodness: Abailard confronts the Stoics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Peter Abailard, whose life and works span from 1079 to 1142, is probably the most notorious figure of that period. His contributions to twelfth-century logic and metaphysics have long been recognised. In many quarters he is heralded as the first moderate realist on the question of universals. In others, given his resolute commitment to determinism, he is proclaimed as the last of the Stoics. More recently, Abailard has attracted attention as the medieval champion of a distinctive kind of moral philosophy, one which, like Stoic and Kantian ethics, focuses upon an agent's conceptualisation of her action. Abailard infamously dismisses the value of works. No action is per se permissible or impermissible. The moral value of an act is entirely derived from the moral value of the intention of the agent in performing the act. While ethics is the underlying concern in the majority of Abailard's writings, this topic receives explicit philosophical analysis in only two of his major works: Ethica and Dialopfus inter Philosophum, Iudaeum et Christianum.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.034 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".