NGOs and Civil Society under the Context of Humanistic Community Construction: Practice and Review of China/ORGANISATIONS NON GOUVERNEMENTALES ET LA SOCIETE CIVILE DANS LE CONTEXTE DE LA CONSTRUCTION DE COMMUNAUTE HUMANISTE : PRATIQUE ET REVUE DE LA CHINE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: Since the mid 1980's, the issue of community construction in China has been put on the agenda for governments of various levels. The shift from community service to community construction witness the development of community management as well as the Chinese social reform. The humanistic community construction has become the cornerstone for social reform, and also an important practice to Chinese harmonious society. In the future social and economic frame, the grass-root level self-government organizations, community organizations, social organizations will contribute to most nongovernmental, nonprofit social institutions. Neither is it a sheer governmental behavior, nor is a sheer civil activity. The community construction consists of various community actors and community forces. The process is a trinity of the government, nongovernmental organizations and the residents. The nongovernmental organizations, especially the voluntary and self-governmental organizations, will promote the participatory democracy in the community management. The cultivation of nongovernmental organizations and the self-governmental institutions would be translated into the future government management pattern of Chinese society. Key words: nongovernmental organization, humanistic community construction, civil society Resume: Depuis le milieu des annees 1980, le probleme de la construction de communautes a deja ete mis a l'ordre du jour des gouvernements a divers niveaux. Le changment du service de communaute en construction de commmunaute temoigne du developpement de la gestion de communaute et la reforme sociale chinoise. La construction de communaute humaniste est devenue la base de la reforme sociale et une pratique importante pour la societe harmonieuse de la Chine. Dans le futur cadre social et economique, les organisations autonomes, communautaires et sociales vont contribuer aux institutions non gouvernementales et non lucratives. Ce n'est ni une action gouvernementale pure ni une activite civile pure. La construction de communaute consiste en divers acteurs et forces communautaires. Son processus est la trinite du gouvernement, des organisations non gouvernementales et des habitants. Les organisations non gouvernementales, surtout les volontaires et les organisations autonomes, pourraient promouvoir la democratie dans la gestion de communaute. Le developpement des organisations non gouvernementales et institutions autonomes pourrait etre transforme en modele futur de la gestion gouvernemental de la societe chinoise. Mots-Cles: organisation non gouvernementale, construction de communaute humaniste, societe civile 1. Since the mid 1980's, the issue of community construction in China has been put on the agenda for governments of various levels. Since 1996, most of the large cities in China have witnessed an extraordinary fashion of community construction, which is followed by a relatively amazing passion. The Shanghai Municipal Government, which acted as the bull weither, put forward the reform scenario concluded as Bi-level government with tri-level in the Shanghai Municipal City Work Meeting, and later that scenario was readjusted as Bi-level government with tri-level administration and quadruple-level networks in 1998, therefore, Shanghai initiated the reform of the city administration system. In the end of 1998, Beijing and Guangzhou put the assumption that the work of neighborhood administration system was the essential issue for the promotion of the city administration by modern means.3 Both the community service in the elementary period and the community construction of the present period reveal the deepening of our comprehension of the community issue in China, as well as that of the social reform in China. The construction of humanistic community should be linked with the social reform in China. At present, the humanistic community construction has functioned as the starting point of the general social reform in China, even an important move towards the construction of a harmonious society in China. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.015 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".