Investigating the compounds present in the essence of flowering branches of four different types of Staychs plant, considering its taxonomic aspect in the North-Western part of Iran
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Field and purpose: Plant systematic discussion, and taxonomy, in turn, as an important tool in studying various types of morphological characteristics, tries to better characterize different types of plants. Unlike previous classification systems, the current ones not only depend on the morphological characteristics, but also implement other biological characteristics of the plants in their classification. In this regard, taking into account their evolutionary aspects, genetic affiliations and chemical structure is more important. This study investigates the compounds present in the essence of flowering branches of four different types of Staychs plant, considering its taxonomic aspect in the North-Western part of Iran. Methodology: The essence of four species - Stachys Inflate, Stachys schtschegleevii, Stachys byzantine, and Stachys lavandulifolia - was measured using Clevenger distillation system and water-essence solvent. The compounds present in the essence of each species was identified using GC and GC/MS techniques. Findings: The highest and lowest amount of substance m-Bis (m-phenoxyphenoxy) was observed in Stachys Inflate (87.91%) and Naphthalene (0.27%), respectively. The highest and lowest subtance present in Stachys schtschegleevii was phenol (59.16%) and octanne (1.15%), respectively. The highest and lowest subtance present in Stachys byzantina was phenol (68.97%) and octanne (0.54%), respectively. The highest and lowest subtance present in Stachys lavandulifolia was octanne (29.20%) and linalool (1.002%), respectively. Discussion and conclusion: The results of this study showed that significant changes in the type and amount of chemical substances present in the essensial of the plants under study in different regions indicated the effect of environmental and ecological factors on the quality of the substances comprising the essence of a given plant. Keywords: Stachys species; chemotaxonomy; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry References: Akcicek, E., Dirmenci, T., & Dundar, E. (2012). Taxonomical notes on Stachys sect. Eriostomum (Lamiaceae) in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany, 36(3), 217-234. Amiri, H., Roostaeian, A., Lari, H., & Haghir-Chehregani, A. (2008). Identifying the essence oil components of the plant Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl and its anti-microbial effects. Journal of Fundamental Science of Islamic Azad University (JSIAU), 18(70), 43-50. Antonelli, A., Fabbri, C., Giorgioni, M. E., & Bazzocchi, R. (1997). Characterization of 24 old garden roses from their volatile compositions. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 45(11), 4435-4439. Ghahraman, A. (1988). Iran Flower, Forestry and Rangeland Research Institute, Tehran. Ghahraman, A. (1994). Cormophytes of Iran, Iran University Press, Tehran. Kheiri, A. (2006). Investigating the effects of gibberellic acid and 6- benzyladenine on the quality and essence of Maryam flower, Master Thesis, Tehran University, 139. Khosroshahi, S. (2008). Guide to medicinal plants, Mashhad (In Persian). Mahzooni-kachapi, S., Mahdavi, M., Roozbeh-nasira, L., Akbarzadeh, M., Rezazadeh, F., & Motavalizadehkakhky, A. (2012). Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of essential oils of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. from Mazandaran, Iran Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 6(24), 4149-4158. Mirza, M., & Ahmadi, L. (2000). Kovats Index calculation of essential oils constituents by DB5 column. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 5, 126 -149. Moghimi, J. (2005). Introducing the important range species, suitable for development range Iranian. Arvan Publishing. Research journal of agricultur and biological sciences, 4(6), 875-880. (In Persian). Mozafarian, V. (1978). Iranian Plant Name Encyclopedia, Farhang-e-Moaser Publication. Noorani, S., Mahdavi, M., Mahmoodi, J., & Zali, H. (2011). Investigating the chemical composition of the essence of plant Stachys byzanthina. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2, 23-27. Sanz, J., Mus, M., & Rossello, J. A. (2000). Volatile components variation in the Teucrium marum complex (Lamiaceae) from the Balearic Islands. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 132(3), 253-261. Tjalli, A., & Sadeghipour, O. (2010). Investigating the effect of phonological stages on the composition and composition percentage of the essence of plant Stachys schtschegleevii. Scientific Journal of Rangeland, 4(1), 130-137. Trease, G. E., & Evans, M. C. (1989). Text book of Pharmacognosy 13th Edition Bailiere Tindall, London, Toronto. Tokyo. pp: 200-201. Zargari, A. (1990). Medicinal Plants. Amir Kabir Publication, Tehran.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".