Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ghadar Party, which played a vital Role in the freedom struggle of India, was started as a Movement by Indian Immigrants on the West (Pacific) Coast of North America at the beginning of the First World War. About 8,000 of these immigrants, 95% of them Sikhs, left Canada and the United States of America for India, to free India from the British rule. They were led by intellectuals like Har Dayal and Sohan Singh Bhakna. Har Dayal was the chief ‘Man of Words’ of the Ghadar movement. His ideological formulations were cast in the mould of a rather loose framework of ideas which prevailed among the Indian revolutionaries of that period. These may be drawn from his propaganda writings and his reflection in some of his articles, including the earlier ones reprinted by the Ghadar press. His leadership of the movement ended early. Ram Chandra who succeeded Har Dayal as the editor of the movement’s chief organ with an altered name of Hindustan Ghadar, functioned in a more or less similar ideological framework.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.013 | 0.022 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".