Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wind turbine sound regulations are generally based on A-weighted sound levels, reducing the effect of frequencies outside 500-11,000 Hz by more than 3dB.Wind turbine sound predominates at lower frequencies where human audibility and physiological response still exists.Regulatory limits are not intended to pose annoyance, yet placement of wind turbines near homes is reported to cause significant annoyance, sleep deprivation, and adverse effects.Large industrial wind turbines produce a unique sound signature, cyclical in both amplitude and frequency, from a source that varies in a cyclical pattern of position and distance relative to listening points, since the principal sound source arises from turbulence following the trailing edge of the outer quarter of the blades, an annular ring 75 to 100 metres in diameter, a noticeable variation in relation to the 500 to 3000 metres from turbines to impacted receptors.This paper relates factors identified previously by others to facts determined by recording and analyzing the differences in samples of sound over a full year at sites in a wind power development of 110 Vestas V82 turbines in Ontario's Bruce County, located acceptably to provincial regulators for spacing from wind turbines, and at control sites in the same environment at greater distances from the turbines. METHODSThis paper will identify key findings related to the subject of sound of wind turbines identified by others at the Fourth International Meeting on Wind Turbine Noise held in Rome, in April 2011, and the 161st Meeting of the American Acoustical Society, in Seattle, in May 2011.Then, this paper will outline how the research conducted in this study relates to the issues raised by others.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".