Bombardement de civils et science : la recherche opérationnelle au Bomber Command pendant la deuxième guerre mondiale
Bibliographic record
Abstract
La recherche opérationnelle s’est développée en Grande-Bretagne à l’aube de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale. D’une façon toute novatrice, des chercheurs civils sont alors invités à l’ intérieur même de l’appareil militaire afin de mettre à profit leur approche scientifique pour optimiser les méthodes de combat. Au Bomber Command de la Royal Air Force , ils ont contribué au bombardement des grandes villes allemandes, ce qui ne pouvait qu’entraîner un grand nombre de victimes civiles. Cet article démontre, en se basant sur le corpus, très peu utilisé, des rapports émis par ces chercheurs pendant le conflit, que la science soutint ainsi délibérément une telle offensive contre des civils.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.017 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.016 | 0.029 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".