The transition to a low carbon energy system: insights on the role of the oil and gas sector
Bibliographic record
Abstract
2017 has been significant year for energy activity in Scotland, both on a policy and technological front. Since the start of the year, the Scottish Government has launched its draft Scottish Energy Strategy (Scottish Government, 2017a) and draft Climate Change Plan (Scottish Government, 2017b) underpinning policy actions to address climate and emissions into the early 2030s. Additionally, new energy developments have kept on coming. On the electricity side, the latest data show that renewable electricity generation was 26% higher in the second quarter of 2017 than the same period in 2016. Total renewable electricity capacity rose by 16% over the same period. There were also major "firsts", including Hywind Scotland - the world's first floating offshore wind farm – beginning operation from October 2017 (Statoil, 2017) and the first ever coal-free working day for Great Britain’s electricity generation mix in April (Financial Times, 2017).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".