90 Effect of supplemental threonine on growth performance of pigs challenged with Salmonella typhimurium and fed high fiber diets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In a previous study, high dietary fiber (DF) and immune stimulation with systemic E. coli lipopolysaccharide independently, but not additively, increased the threonine (Thr) requirement for protein deposition. The current study investigated whether supplementing Thr to meet high DF and systemic immune challenge requirements would maintain performance of pigs exposed to an enteric immune challenge when fed high DF. A total of 128 pigs (22.6 ± 1.6 kg initial BW) were assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments (n = 8 pens/treatment; 4 pigs/pen) for 28 d. Treatments were low fiber (LF; 13% total DF) or high fiber (HF; 20% total DF) diets with standard (STD; 0.65% SID) or supplemental (SUP; 0.78% SID) Thr. After a 7-d adaptation, all pigs were orally inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium (2.3 × 109 CFU/ml). Blood samples and rectal swabs were obtained and rectal temperature recorded to determine clinical responses and Salmonella shedding. On d 7 post-inoculation, 1 pig/pen was euthanized and mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen and digesta (ileum, cecum, and colon) were sampled to assess Salmonella colonization and translocation. Body weight and feed intake were measured on d 0, 7, and 21 to calculate ADG, ADFI, and G:F. Rectal temperature increased (P < 0.05) 24 h post-inoculation and remained elevated at d 6. Serum albumin concentration decreased (P < 0.05), whereas haptoglobin concentration increased (P < 0.05) post-inoculation. Fiber and Thr had no effect (P > 0.05) on Salmonella count in ileum and cecum. Supplemental Thr increased (P < 0.05) growth performance in LF- and HF-fed challenged pigs. However, performance of supplemented HF challenged pigs was less than (P < 0.05) supplemented LF challenged pigs. These results suggest that Thr supplemented to meet requirements for high DF and systemic immune challenge was not sufficient to maintain growth performance of pigs fed HF diets and challenged with an enteric pathogen.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".