A randomised controlled trial of shoulder block vs. interscalene brachial plexus block for ventilatory function after shoulder arthroscopy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The shoulder block may impair ventilatory function and diaphragmatic movement less than the interscalene brachial plexus block. We randomly allocated 30 adults who underwent shoulder arthroscopy under general anaesthesia to ultrasound-guided shoulder block or interscalene block with 20 ml bupivacaine 0.5%. The primary outcome, rate of ultrasound-measured hemidiaphragmatic excursion < 25% of baseline 30 min after blockade, was reduced from 12/15 with brachial plexus block to 2/15 with shoulder block, a difference (95%CI) of 67% (40-93%), p < 0.001. The mean (SD) numeric rating scale pain scores at rest after shoulder block were higher than after interscalene block at two postoperative hours, 1.4 (1.2) vs. 0.3 (0.7), p = 0.02, but lower at 24 postoperative hours, 1.3 (1.3) vs. 3.4 (2.3), p = 0.008. Mean (SD) pain scores on movement in the shoulder and interscalene blocks were similar, with respective values of 1.9 (1.9) vs. 0.7 (1.2), p = 0.13 at two postoperative hours and 3.7 (2.3) vs. 5.3 (2.5), p = 0.41, at 24 postoperative hours.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".