Economic power at the periphery: Canada, Australia and South Africa, 1850–1914
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Once constructed, the railway provided the means to divert British capital on very advantageous terms and integrate the western hinterland into the central Canadian orbit. In 1867 'the constitution of Canada, as it appears on the statute books of the British Parliament, had been designed to secure capital for the improvement of navigation and transport'. In the 1870s and 1880s Australia received significant additional inputs of capital, immigrants and technology. Africans denied the peasant option by white agricultural and pastoral activity were bundled into migratory labour systems. In South Africa a staple-led development with unique characteristics unleashed major social and economic discontinuities which had fostered political instability. In minimizing colonial autonomy, P. J. Cain and A. G. Hopkins register their 'dissatisfaction with the peripheral thesis' and the 'claim that the fundamental cause of imperialism is to be found on the periphery itself.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.038 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".