L'influence des conditions météo-marines et des ouvrages de protection sur la morphosédimentologie des plages et de l'herbier à spartine alterniflore, Île aux Coudres (Québec, Canada)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
RESUME: Cette etude avait pour principal objectif d’evaluer les impacts potentiels a court terme (3 ans) de nouveaux enrochements implantes a l’automne 2014 sur la morphosedimentologie des plages et les herbiers a spartine alterniflore. Afin d’y repondre, il a fallu d’abord etudier les conditions meteo-marines (hydrodynamisme local) et son interaction avec la morphosedimentologie des plages de ce systeme cotier insulaire. Cette demarche a permis de departager les causes naturelles des causes anthropiques en cas de changements importants suite a l’installation des nouveaux enrochements. La revue historique de la cote sur l’ensemble des 50 dernieres annees a mis en lumiere une certaine stabilite et resilience (moyenne de 0,02 m/an). Quelques evenements d’erosion ponctuels ont cependant ete observes, tel qu’un recul de 3,25 m entre 2010 et 2011 pres du chemin de la Traverse, ont necessite la mise en place d’un nombre de plus en plus important d’enrochements. Toutefois, ces taux restent faibles comparativement a la moyenne des cotes sableuses de l’estuaire moyen. L’etude de l’hydrodynamisme local a montre un double gradient spatial dans l’intensite des dynamiques qui affectent l’ile aux Coudres, soit du large a la cote et d’ouest en est. Globalement, le climat de vagues est calme malgre la presence de pics d’intensite. La moyenne des hauteurs significatives des vagues mesurees a la limite de la zone inferieure du bas estran est de 0,16 m. Il a aussi ete montre que la morphologie et l’orientation de l’estran joue un role dans la dissipation de l’energie des vagues puisque les secteurs orientes vers le nord-est et le sud-ouest etaient plus propices a l’erosion.La presence d’une large plateforme rocheuse et d’un cordon de basse mer au sud de l’ile permet d’attenuer l’energie des vagues par friction sur le fond ou deferlement. L’un des impacts les plus importants fut l’empietement des ouvrages sur le haut de plage. La segmentation cotiere a permis de montrer une relation entre la presence de l’ouvrage et l’absence de haut de plage (environ 90% des enrochements sont sans haut de plage). La recharge de plage realisee avec la cle de l’enrochement au-devant de celui-ci a alors contribue a stabiliser le stock sedimentaire des plages pendant la periode de l’etude et en elargissement temporairement la plage sur le bas de plage et le bas estran. En ce qui concerne les herbiers a spartine alterniflore, aucun impact negatif n’a ete observe. Peu de differences ont ete observees entre les echantillons devant des secteurs naturels et artificiels. De plus, l’effet de bout est un phenomene bien present sur les berges de l’ile, non pas seulement aux extremites des nouveaux enrochements, mais aussi des anciens enrochements. Enfin, les analyses mineralogiques ont permis de prouver que l’erosion de la plateforme rocheuse etait la source principale des plages et que deux autres sources sedimentaires contribuaient aux volumes des plages, soit la zone sablo-vaseuse et le cordon de basse mer au sud.Le faible taux d’erosion des terrasses de plage ne peut permettre de constituer une source importante en sediments pour les plages, surtout avec la croissance de l'artificialite des berges au cours de la derniere decennie. Les enrochements seront potentiellement davantage susceptibles d’avoir une action sur la morphodynamique lors de conjonctions de fortes vagues et de niveaux d’eau eleves si la hausse du niveau marin continue dans la region de Charlevoix et que les evenements de tempetes sont plus frequents. -- Mot(s) cle(s) en francais : Erosion cotiere, enrochement, suivi environnemental, herbier a spartine, hydrogeomorphologie, impacts environnementaux. -- ABSTRACT: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the short-term potential (3 years) impacts of new rock armor implanted in the fall of 2014 on the morphosedimentology of beaches and spartina alterniflora. In order to answer them, it was first necessary to study the local hydrodynamism and its interaction with the morphosedimentology of the beaches of this insular coastal system. This approach has made it possible to separate major changes of the natural causes from the anthropogenic causes following the installation of the rock armor. The historical review of the coast over the last 50 years has brought to light a stability and resilience on these beaches (average of 0.02 m / year). However, some occasional erosion events were observed, such as 3.25 m between 2010 and 2011 near the Chemin de la Traverse, which necessitated a growing number of rock armor beaches. However, these rates remain low compared to the average sandy coast of the Upper Estuary. The study of local hydrodynamism has shown a double spatial gradient in the intensity of the dynamics that affect Ile aux Coudres, from offshore to coast and from west to east. Overall, the wave climate is calm despite the presence of intensity peaks. The average significant wave heights measured at the edge of the foreshore are 0.16 m. It has also been shown that the morphology and orientation of the foreshore plays a role in the dissipation of wave energy since the northeasterly and southwesterly oriented areas are more prone to erosion. The presence of a large rock platform and a near subtidal sand barrier on the south shore helps to reduce the energy of the waves by friction on the bottom or surf.One of the most significant impacts was the encroachment of the rock armor on the backshore. Coastal segmentation has shown a relationship between the presence of the structure and the absence of backshore (about 90% of the rock is without backshore). The beach nourishment made from the digging of the rock armor helped to stabilize the beaches during the study period and temporarily widening the beach on the bottom of beach and the upper foreshore. Also, no negative impact was observed on the seagrass. Few differences were observed between the beach samples in front of natural and artificial areas. Moreover, the end effect is a phenomenon that is very present on the island, not only at the ends of the rock armors but also near the old ones. Finally, the mineral analysis has proved that the erosion of the rock platform was the main sediments source of the beaches and that two other sedimentary sources contributed to the volumes of the beaches, namely the sandy-muddy zone and the sand barrier in the south. The low erosion rate of beach slope can not provide an important source of sediments, especially with the growth of shoreline artificiality over the last decade. However, rock armor will be more likely to have an effect on morphodynamics during conjunctions of high waves and high water levels if sea level rise continues in the Charlevoix region and storm events are more frequent. -- Mot(s) cle(s) en anglais : Coastal erosion, rock armor, environmental monitoring, spartina alterniflora, hydrogeomorphology, environmental impacts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".