A life history approach to stature and body proportions in medieval Danes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Developmental plasticity, or the ability of physiological development to change in response to environmental pressures (external and internal), results in permanent physiological changes that can shape the later life health experiences of an individual. The timing of non-specific stress in relation to growth and development is critical to this interaction. Dental enamel provides detailed information on the timing of non-specific stress experiences, which may be considered in relation to growth in other physiological systems developing at the same time to elucidate the impact of one on the other. Examples of parallel developing systems include the immune, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and digestive systems (Chamley et al. 2005; MacGregor 2008; Bee & Boyd 2010). This research investigates these patterns through the consideration markers of enamel growth disruption known as accentuated striae of Retzius (AS) in relation to stature and body proportions in human skeletal remains. Anthropometrics and dental samples were collected from two medieval Danish cemetery samples. Residuals were calculated using linear regression from stature in the grave and all metrics were considered in relation to a total number of AS for each individual. A life course approach was also taken by considering AS at different stages of crown development in relation to each metric. Results indicate potential associations between AS and skeletal metrics (particularly tibial length and stature). These are most apparent in relation to AS rates in enamel developing from approximately 2 to 4.8 years of age. These results point to the utility of taking a life course approach in which enamel development is considered in relation to patterns of skeletal growth. Certain limitations and the need for further developments are highlighted by the nature of the results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.018 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".