Postoperative pain management for circumcision; Comparison of frequently used methods
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: To determine the ideal method for postoperative pain management after circumcision by comparing the most frequently used different methods like; dorsal penile block, caudal epidural block, subcutaneous ring block, intravenous paracetamol and intravenous tramadol HCl. Methods: Between May 1st 2015 to May 1st 2016, 500 children between 2-10 year old were circumcised at the department of pediatric surgery of Istanbul Medipol University Health Care Practice & Research Center Sefakoy Hospital. Five groups were formed according to postoperative analgesia methods which were planned to be compared; Group-I. penile block, Group-II. Caudal epidural block, Group-III. subcutaneous ring block, Group-IV as intravenous paracetamol and Group-V as intravenous tramadol HCl. In order to evaluate the postoperative pain levels of children, Children’s Hospital Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) was filled at 30, 60, 120, 180 minutes after circumcision by a researcher who does not know which method was applied. Results: No significant difference is found between the groups (p>0.05). In the statistical analysis, no significant difference was found in the effect of analgesia methods on CHEOPS scores between 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes (p>0.05). In parallel with this result, no significant difference was found in the effect of heart beat rates and respiration rate averages between 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes (p>0.05). Conclusion: It has been shown that none of the five method has any superiority in reducing pain after circumcision and that all five methods can be used. However, we think that side effects of regional anesthesia and systemic analgesic applications should not be ignored. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.505 How to cite this:Munevveroglu C, Gunduz M. Postoperative pain management for circumcision; Comparison of frequently used methods. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(2):91-95. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.505 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".