Examining the postsecondary enrolment of low-income mature students in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This exploratory study deepens current understandings of low-income mature students in Canadian postsecondary institutions, by clarifying who constitutes this population and through providing demographic characteristics that describe this population of study. Individual, family, and institutional characteristics of low-income mature students were examined using 2011 Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics data. Low-income mature students were predominantly male, studying full-time in university, and averaged 33.29 years of age. In addition, comparisons of gender and institutional differences indicated that female low-income mature students were older and had more children and larger household \nsizes. Low-income mature students in college were more likely to have children and had larger household sizes. Overall, 5% of all post-secondary students were found to be low-income mature students, suggesting that this is not an insignificant population. This study is the first to examine the enrolment patterns of Canadian low-income mature students and demonstrates that further study of this unique group is required.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".