Surface Mould Brachytherapy for Skin Cancers: The British Columbia Cancer Experience
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose To report on skin tumor treatment with surface mould brachytherapy at our institution. Methods This was a retrospective review for all patients with skin tumors treated using Ir-192 high dose rate (HDR) surface mould brachytherapy from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2017 in British Columbia. We identified 65 lesions (59 patients). Median age at diagnosis was 83 (range = 45-97). The majority were basal cell (54%, n = 35) or squamous cell carcinomas (31%, n = 20). Most lesions were located in the head and neck region. The most commonly used RT dose was 40 Gy/10 fractions; all patients had individualized CT-based planning. Results The two-year overall survival (OS) was 77.6% and two-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 71.5%. Most deaths were from unrelated causes. Response was assessed in clinic 2-4 months post-treatment. Our complete response (CR) rate was 96.8%, with partial response in two patients; two patients could not be assessed for response. We report a two-year local control (LC) rate of 84.9%, and local recurrence in five patients. The procedure was well tolerated, with no grade 3-5 acute or late toxicities. There was one case of grade 2 radionecrosis (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v. 4.03). The 100% isodose line median depth was 0.5 cm, and median surface dose = 126.5%. The median V90 = 92.3%. Conclusion Surface mould brachytherapy for skin tumors is a safe and effective modality, with excellent response rates. It is well-tolerated and a non-invasive option for elderly patients with comorbidities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".